Several types of transformers available in the market

Transformers have an important role to play in the overall functionality of a national or regional power grid. They are mainly responsible for the successful transmission of high voltage power across the entire grid and long distances. Although most of the transformers you may have come across are huge, you should note that they also exist in smaller sizes and some are specifically designed to handle low power outputs. The size of a transformer depends on the amount of power required by the client as well as the anticipated function of the transformer. The common types of transformers include the distribution transformer, single phase transformer, step up/step down transformer, power transformer, three phase transformer, instrument transformer and auto transformer. Below are examples of available transformers.

I.    Distribution transformer

A distribution transformer has low voltage ratings that range between 230 volts to 11 kilovolts. This type of transformer is used in most electricity distribution networks, and it specifically steps down the amount of voltage in the system. This enables the consumers at the end of the system to use their electrical equipment safely.

II.    Single phase transformer

The single phase transformer can be defined as a stagnant device that employs Faraday's law of mutual induction. This means that the transformer only transfers alternating current from one part of a circuit to another. It contains a primary winding that receives the alternating current and the secondary winding, where the load is attached to the circuit.

III.    Step up/Step down transformer

The step up/step down transformer is based on the generated electromotive force and the number of turns that are made in the central and secondary windings. The step up section in the transformer converts the high current, low voltage alternating current (AC) into a low current, high voltage AC system. This is as a result of the secondary winding making higher number of turns than the central winding. Therefore, the increase in the voltage output section of the transformer creates the step up transformer. On the other hand, a step-down transformer transforms low current, high voltage into high current, low voltage. In this section of the transformer, the central winding makes higher number of turns than the secondary winding, thus lowering the voltage output.  

IV.    Power transformer

The power transformer has the capability of transmitting high voltage power across networks. It can transmit voltages within the range of 33 kilovolts and 400 kilovolts. They are located and installed on transmission and generating stations. They are larger in size when compared to other transformers and are uniquely designed to operate at 100 percent efficiency. It works concurrently with step down transformers in scenarios where the voltage needs to be directed and used by consumers.